অনুসরণকারী

সোমবার, ২৯ এপ্রিল, ২০২৪

The ULN2003A/L and ULN2023A/L

HIGH-VOLTAGE, HIGH-CURRENT DARLINGTON ARRAYS


 deally suited for interfacing between low-level logic circuitry and multiple peripheral power loads, 

the Series ULN20xxA/L high-voltage, high-current Darlington arrays feature continuous load current ratings to 500 mA for each of the seven drivers.

 At an appropriate duty cycle depending on ambient temperature and number of drivers turned ON simultaneously,

 typical power loads totaling over 230 W (350 mA x 7, 95 V) can be controlled. Typical loads include relays, solenoids, stepping motors, 

magnetic print hammers, multiplexed LED and incandescent displays, and heaters. 

All devices feature open-collector outputs with integral clamp diodes. 




The ULN2003A/L and ULN2023A/L have series input resistors selected for operation directly with 5 V TTL or CMOS. 

These devices will handle numerous interface needs — particularly those beyond the capabilities of standard logic buffers. 

The ULN2004A/L and ULN2024A/L have series input resistors for operation directly from 6 to 15 V CMOS or PMOS logic outputs. 

The ULN2003A/L and ULN2004A/L are the standard Darlington arrays. 

The outputs are capable of sinking 500 mA and will withstand at least 50 V in the OFF state. 

Outputs may be paralleled for higher load current capability. The ULN2023A/L and ULN2024A/L will withstand 95 V in the OFF state. 

These Darlington arrays are furnished in 16-pin dual in-line plastic packages (suffix “A”) and 16-lead surface-mountable SOICs (suffix “L”).

 All devices are pinned with outputs opposite inputs to facilitate ease of circuit board layout. 

All devices are rated for operation over the temperature range of -20°C to +85°C. Most (see matrix, next page) are also available for operation to -40°C; to order, change the prefix from “ULN” to “ULQ”. FEATURES ■ TTL, DTL, PMOS, or CMOS-Compatible Inputs ■ Output Current to 500 mA ■ Output Voltage to 95 V

 ■ Transient-Protected Outputs 

■ Dual In-Line Plastic Package or Small-Outline IC Package

মঙ্গলবার, ১৬ এপ্রিল, ২০২৪

TDA2030 14 W hi-fi audio amplifier

 TDA2030 14 W hi-fi audio amplifier Features 

■ Wide-range supply voltage, up to 36 V

 ■ Single or split power supply 

■ Short-circuit protection to ground 

■ Thermal shutdown Description The TDA2030 is a monolithic integrated circuit in the Pentawatt® package

, intended for use as a low frequency class-AB amplifier.

Typically it provides 14 W output power (d = 0.5%) at 14 V/4 Ω. At ±14 V or 28 V, 

the guaranteed output power is 12 W on a 4 Ω load and 8 W on an 8 Ω (DIN45500).

 The TDA2030 provides high output current and has very low harmonic and crossover distortion. Furthermore, the device incorporates an original (and patented) short-circuit protection system comprising an arrangement for automatically limiting the dissipated power so as to keep the operating point of the output transistors within their safe operating range. A conventional thermal shutdown system is also included



Electrical specifications 

TDA2030 4/17 Doc ID 1458 Rev 3 d Distortion Po = 0.1 to 12 W,

 RL = 4 Ω, GV = 30 dB f = 40 to 15.000 Hz 0.2 0.5 % Po = 0.1 to 8 W, 

RL = 8 Ω, GV = 30 dB f = 40 to 15.000 Hz 0.1 0.5 % B Frequency response (–3 dB) Po = 12 W, 

RL = 4 Ω; GV = 30 dB 10 Hz to 140 Hz Ri Input resistance (pin 1) 0.5 5 MΩ Gv Voltage gain (open loop) 90 dB Gv Voltage gain (closed loop) f = 1 kHz 29.5 30 30.5 dB eN Input noise voltage B = 22 Hz to 22 kHz 3 10 µV i N Input noise current 80 200 pA SVR Supply voltage rejection GV = 30 dB; RL = 4 Ω, Rg = 22 kΩ, fripple = 100 Hz; Vripple = 0.5 Veff 40 50 dB I d Drain current Po = 14 W, RL = 4 Ω Po = 9 W, RL = 8 Ω 900 500 mA Tj Thermal shutdown junction temperature 145 °C

মঙ্গলবার, ১৯ মার্চ, ২০২৪

Making a Light Detector using LDR Circuit Diagram

 The above LDR Circuit Diagram works on the amount of light penetration. 

Hence, when it is completely dark, the LDR occupies high resistance. 

As a result, the voltage at the base of the transistor becomes too low to turn the transistor ON. 

At this stage, the current doesn’t flow from the collector to the emitter of the transistor, instead, it passes through the LDR and the potentiometer.   

When the light is provided at comparatively low density, the LDR has low resistance. 

But it is sufficient enough to bring the voltage at the base of the transistor higher and also to turn the transistor ON. 

Once the transistor is turned on, current starts flowing through it from the positive battery terminal to the negative battery terminal covering R1 and the LED. 

With this, the LED, lights up.     

 The equipment required to build the Light Detector Circuit includes resistor and LEDs. 

The former determines the amount of current that flows through the LED. 

An LED with 2V voltage drop gives a 7V voltage drop over the resistor when the transistor is ON and in general, 18 mA is considered as good current value for common LEDs.    

To power the circuit, a 9V battery is used and if any other battery is used, then the resistor value is changed to get the right amount of current flowing through the LED. 

To change the trigger point for the LED, the variable resistor is used, which examines the right amount of light for the LED to turn ON and OFF.



সোমবার, ১৮ মার্চ, ২০২৪

IC RADIO

 IC RADIO 

 This circuit contains an IC but it looks like a 3-leaded transistor and that's why we have included it here. The IC is called a 

"Radio in a Chip" and it contains 10 transistors to produce a TRF (tuned Radio Frequency) front end for our project. 

 The 3-transistor amplifier is taken from our SUPER EAR project with the electret microphone removed. The two 1N 4148 diodes produce a constant voltage of 1.3v for the chip as it is designed for a maximum of 1.5v. 

 The "antenna coil" is 60t of 0.25mm wire wound on a 10mm ferrite rod. 

The tuning capacitor can be any value up to 450p

6 to 12 WATT FLUORO INVERTER

 6 to 12 WATT FLUORO INVERTER 

This circuit will drive a 40 watt fluoro or two 20-watt tubes in series but with less brightness than 

the circuit above and it will take less current. 

 2 x 20 watt tubes = 900mA to 1.2A and 1 x 20 watt tube 450mA to 900mA depending on pot setting. 

The transformer is wound on a ferrite rod 10mm dia and 8cm long. 

The wire diameter is fairly critical and our prototype used 0.28mm wire for all the windings. 

Do not remove the tube when the circuit is operating as the spikes produced by the transformer will damage the transistor. 

The pot will adjust the brightness and vary the current consumption. 

Adjust the pot and select the base-bias resistor to get the same current as our prototype.

 Heat-sink must be greater than 40sq cm. Use heat-sink compound.


20 WATT FLUORO INVERTER

 20 WATT FLUORO INVERTER 

This circuit will drive a 40 watt fluoro or two 20- watt tubes in series. 

 The transformer is wound on a ferrite rod 10mm dia and 8cm long. 

 The wire diameters are not critical but our prototype used 0.61mm wire for the primary and 0.28mm wire for the secondary and feedback winding. 

 Do not remove the tube when the circuit is operating as the spikes produced by 

the transformer will damage the transistor. The circuit will take approx 1.5amp on 12v, making it more efficient than running the tubes from the mains. 

A normal fluoro takes 20 watts for the tube and about 15 watts for the ballast


LIE DETECTOR-2

 LIE DETECTOR-2 

This circuit detects the resistance between your fingers to turn on the FALSE LED. The circuit sits with the TRUE LED illuminated. The 47k pot is adjusted to allow the LEDs to change state when touching the probes


LIE DETECTOR-1

 LIE DETECTOR-1

 This circuit detects the resistance between your fingers to produce an oscillation. The detectionpoints will detect resistances as high as 300k and as the resistance decreases, the frequency increases. Separate the two touch pads and attach them to the back of each hand. As the subject feels nervous, he will sweat and change the frequency of the circuit. The photos show the circuit built on PC boards with separate touch pads


শনিবার, ১৬ মার্চ, ২০২৪

SUPER EAR

 SUPER EAR 

This circuit is a very sensitive 3-transistor amplifier using a speaker transformer. 

 This can be wound on a short length of ferrite rod as show above or 150 turns on a 10mH choke. 

The biasing of the middle transistor is set for 3v supply. The second and third transistors are not turned on during idle conditions and the quiescent current is just 5mA. 

 The project is ideal for listening to conversations or TV etc in another room with long leads connecting the microphone to the amplifier.



LM3914/LM3915 VU meter circuit

 VU meter circuit Stereo/Mono 20 LED  LM3914/LM3915 VU meter circuit projects. They can display with 20 LEDs on stereo, or mono with 10 LEDs for all audio system. Also, we can easily build and cheap. We will be happy when use them. Do you believe it or not? I have seen VU meters for more than 40 years. Until now, it is still very popular. Why is that? Read below. I have made a lot of amplifiers. Because I like to listen to music. Also, I like the VU Meter circuits, too. They show the power level of the audio. It is so beautiful

The Shopping lists 
IC1: LM3914N, LM3915N, LM3916 Dot/Bar Display Driver 
D1, D2: 1N4148, 75V 150mA Diodes 
0.25W Resistors, tolerance: 5% R1: 10K R2: 2K 9 R3: 3.9K
 Electrolytic Capacitors C1, C2: 1uF 50V C3: 47uF 16V
 LED1-LED10, LED 2x5mm LEDs.

Why should build the LM3914 VU Meter circuit? Most freiends choose the LM3914 VU meter circuit. Because it is convenient, easy to modify in many form. Today I assemble these circuits using this IC. Sometimes you are looking for ideas on this For example: The flashing lights by the music, to decorate the Christmas tree, exotic, and unique. This project is very easy. Because of use alone IC only and a few external components. The display system can drive directly LED up to 10 LEDs and display as light running is DOT or BAR as you want. See the circuit below. The working principle 3 4 Electronic VU meter circuit diagram using LM3914 / LM3915 The main of this circuit is LM3914N or LM3915. Which the external circuit is the same. Difference of LM3914 & LM3915 

● LM3914N will display an amplitude of a signal in Linear form. 

● LM3915N will display the signal in Logarithm form. 

● LM3916N: Update The outputs can drive, LCDs, vacuum fluorescents, and incandescent bulbs, as well as LEDs of any color Normally if using the amplitude of the sound signal. We should use the LM3915N. Thanks ODX: We can use LM3916 for this circuit, too. See in the circuit above again. The input signal from the power amplifier will be entered through to Voltage Doubler circuit consists of C1, C2, D1, D2. They will convert sound signal voltage to DC voltage and have amplitude are 2 times of the input signal. Then, insert a single to input pin 5 of IC1. 5 And next IC will compare the signal amplitude, to drive LEDs display follows the amplitude of input signal as above. The Mode selection in working of the circuit. To display in DOT or BAR form. We can select switch S1 to control pin 9 of IC1. Which if release the switch S1, it will display the bar form. But connected pin 9 through switch S1 to a positive voltage of the circuit. It will display in the DOT form immediately. The power supply This circuit requires 9V to 12V power supply. We have 2 options to do easily.

শুক্রবার, ১৫ মার্চ, ২০২৪

14 watts TDA2030 Stereo amplifier circuit

14 watts TDA2030 Stereo amplifier circuit 
This is a TDA2030 stereo amplifier circuit. It is a special project. Because it is an OCL type amplifier. Which provide power driver of 14 watts/channel at load 4 ohms. So, 
it is suitable for beginners thought will build electroacoustics to listen to themselves. 
This project use IC of The SGS company number TDA2030.
 Which SGS said that TDA2030 is a power amplifier IC in 5 pins form. 
9 The Setting circuit on a class AB power amplifier to the output of the high harmonic distortion and low crossover. They are ready,
 shock output protection, and the temperature is too high,
 complemented within the integrated circuit



Technical Specifications of IC-TDA2030 
● Maximum voltage supply used of +/- 18VDC.
 ● Begin working at a minimal voltage of +/- 6VDC.
 ● Power driver output 14 watts at 4 ohms and 9 watts at 8 ohms.
 ● The maximum current of 900mA. 10 
● Frequency response range 10HZ-140KHz at -3dB. How this circuit works In the circuit, the figure is a single channel amplifier. You will see that have very few parts. Both pin 1 and pin 2 of IC-TDA2030 input. The pin 1 is non-inverting input and pin 2 is inverting input. Then input of power amplifier comes to C1 into pin 1 of IC. 
● The R3 determines the input impedance of the IC. 
● Pin 3 is -VCC leg or negative voltage, and pin 5 is a +Vcc or positive voltage. 
● Four capacitors C3, C4, C5, and C6 are bypass filter voltage +Vcc and -Vcc. 
● R1 as acts adjust the gain of IC with a negative feedback form. If R1 has higher resistance. Then, the gain rate of IC rises up as well. 
● The R4 and C7 are protectors a oscillated high frequency. How to build First of all, you need to have all components list below. Parts you will need 11 MONO form IC1: TDA2030 18W hi-fi amplifier and 35W driver D1, D2: 1N4007, 1000V 1A diodes D3-D6: 1N5402, 200V 3A diodes 
Capacitors C1: 1uF 50v Electrolytic C2: 22uF 16V Electrolytic C3, C6: 100uF 25V Electrolytic C4, C5: 0.1uF 50V Mylar C7: 0.18uf 50 Mylar C8, C9 1000uF 25V Electrolytic
 0.25W Resistors tolerance: 5% R1, R3: 24K R2: 680Ω R4: 1Ω

The Setting circuit on a class AB power amplifier to the output of the high harmonic distortion and low crossover. They are ready, shock output protection, and the temperature is too high, complemented within the integrated circuit.  
How to build First of all,
 you need to have all components list below.
 Parts you will need 11 MONO form IC1: TDA2030 18W hi-fi amplifier and 35W driver
 D1, D2: 1N4007, 1000V 1A diodes D3-D6: 1N5402, 200V 3A diodes 
Capacitors C1: 1uF 50V Electrolytic C2: 22uF 16V Electrolytic C3, C6: 100uF 25V Electrolytic C4, C5: 0.1uF 50V Mylar C7: 0.18uf 50 Mylar C8, C9 1000uF 25V Electrolytic 
0.25W Resistors tolerance: 5% R1, R3: 24K R2: 680Ω R4: 1Ω

মঙ্গলবার, ৫ মার্চ, ২০২৪

150 Watt Amplifier Circuit

                                  Low Cost 150 Watt Amplifier Circuit


এটি হল সবচেয়ে সস্তার 150 ওয়াটের এমপ্লিফায়ার সার্কিট যা আপনি তৈরি করতে পারেন, আমার মনে হয়।

 দুটি ডার্লিংটন পাওয়ার ট্রানজিস্টর টিআইপি 142 এবং টিআইপি 147 এর উপর ভিত্তি করে,

 এই সার্কিটটি একটি 4 ওহম স্পিকারের জন্য 150 ওয়াট আরএমএস ব্লাস্টিং প্রদান করতে পারে।

 আপনার জন্য আন্দ দেওয়ার জন্য যথেষ্ট? তারপর এই চেষ্টা করে দেখুন।

 টিআইপি 147 এবং 142 হল পরিপূরক ডার্লিংটন পেয়ার ট্রানজিস্টর যা 5A কারেন্ট এবং 100V হ্যান্ডেল করতে পারে,

 তাদের রুক্ষতার জন্য বিখ্যাত। এখানে দুটি BC558 ট্রানজিস্টর Q5 এবং Q4 প্রি অ্যামপ্লিফায়ার হিসাবে 

তারযুক্ত এবং TIP 142, TIP 147 এর সাথে TIP41 (Q1,Q2,Q3) স্পীকার চালানোর জন্য ব্যবহার 

করা হয়েছে৷ এই সার্কিটটি এতটাই সেম্পল ডিজাইন করা হয়েছে যে এটি এমনকি একত্রিত করা যেতে পারে। পারফ 

বোর্ড বা এমনকি পিন টু পিন সোল্ডারিং দ্বারা। সার্কিটটি +/-45V, 5A ডুয়াল পাওয়ার সাপ্লাই থেকে চালিত হতে পারে

। আপনাকে অবশ্যই এই সার্কিটটি চেষ্টা করতে হবে। এটি দুর্দান্ত কাজ করছে!

মনে রাখবেন টিআইপি 142 এবং 147 হল ডার্লিংটন জোড়া। এগুলিকে সহজ করার জন্য

 চিত্রে প্রচলিত ট্রানজিস্টর হিসাবে দেখানো হয়েছে। তাই বিভ্রান্ত হবেন না। যদিও তাদের 

প্রতিটির ভিতরে 2টি ট্রানজিস্টর, 2টি প্রতিরোধক এবং 1টি ডায়োড রয়েছে, শুধুমাত্র তিনটি পিন,

 বেস ইমিটার এবং সংগ্রাহক বেরিয়ে আসছে। বাকিগুলি অভ্যন্তরীণভাবে সংযুক্ত রয়েছে। সুতরাং 

তাদের প্রত্যেকটিকে স্বাচ্ছন্দ্যের জন্য ট্রানজিস্টর হিসাবে ধরে নেওয়া বেশ ঠিক আছে। 

 একটি ভাল নিয়ন্ত্রিত এবং ফিল্টার করা পাওয়ার সাপ্লাই ব্যবহার করুন।

  আপনার প্রয়োজন হলে ভলিউম কন্ট্রোল হিসাবে ইনপুট সহ সিরিজে একটি 10K POT 

সংযুক্ত করুন। সার্কিট ডায়াগ্রামে দেখানো হয়নি


Circuit Diagram & Parts List


রবিবার, ৩ মার্চ, ২০২৪

Circuit Breakers

Circuit Breakers
Whether the application is in your home or an industrial factory, breakers have become the standard. Until now you may have never had to learn more about them besides what to do when one is tripped, but let’s take a look at some of the details of a circuit breaker and how that will guide your purchase Starting with the basics, we know a circuit breaker is a device that will interrupt the flow of current in an electrical circuit. This interruption protects the surrounding electrical components and wiring from damage caused by either electrical overloads or short circuits. Great, now that we know that; let’s explore the next step in figuring out what kind of circuit breaker you’re looking for. The most common types of circuit breakers generally fall under two categories: MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker) and MCB (Miniature Case Circuit Breaker) The easiest way of discerning the two breakers is to remember a MCCB will be suited for higher energy environments, like commercial factories, while the mini-breakers are meant for smaller environments with lower current ratings. Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) Rated current of no more than 100 Amps Trip current is usually not adjustable Thermal or thermal-magnetic operation Interruption current rating of up to 18,000 Amps (Depending on series and brand) Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) Rated current up to 1000-2,500 Amps (depending on series and brand) Trip current may be adjustable Thermal or thermal-magnetic operation Interruption current rating of up to 200,00 Amps (Depending on series and brand) Now that we’ve determined the sizing of your circuit breaker we should move on to protection ratings. Commonly circuit breakers will have one of these protection ratings: UL489, and UL1077. Wondering where UL508 protection ratings went? Find out here! UL489 Rated Circuit Breakers Considered to be the standard according to the National Electrical Code, UL489 listed circuit breakers are defined as “any listed circuit breaker that has an interrupting rating other than 5,000 Amps.” Overload tests are performed at 6x the current rating of the device or 150A minimum. Devices rated up to 600V and 6,000A are covered in this standard. Beyond overload protection the UL489 rated circuit breaker must offer short circuit protection, switching functionality, as well as disconnection function. Lastly, most UL489 devices are used in electrical distribution panels; therefore, the minimum current ratings available are seldom less than 15A.