Short-range 35KHz operation, single-channel unit
Simple circuitry, no outer antennas required
Transmitter circuit diagram:
Transmitter parts:
R1 68K 1/4W Resistor
C1 4n7 630V Ceramic or Polyester Capacitor
C2 60-80pF 63V Ceramic Trimmer
C3 100µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
Q1 BC337 45V 800mA NPN Transistor
Q2 BD139 80V 1.5A NPN Transistor
L1 500 turns on a 10mm. diameter, 10cm. long ferrite rod.
Enameled wire diameter: 0.2mm.
The tap is made after 200 turns, ground side
P1 SPST Pushbutton
B1 6-9V Battery (4 to 6 AA 1.5V Cells in series, see Notes)
Receiver parts:
R1,R3 1M 1/4W Resistors
R2,R4 47K 1/4W Resistors
R5 330K 1/4W Resistor
R6,R7 68K 1/4W Resistors
R8 180R 1/4W Resistor
R9 100R 1/4W Resistor
C1 470pF 63V Ceramic Capacitor (See Notes)
C2 10nF 63V Polyester or Ceramic Capacitor
C3 100µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C4,C5 100nF 63V Polyester or Ceramic Capacitors
C6 1µF 63V Polyester, Ceramic or Electrolytic Capacitor
D1 5 or 3mm. Red LED
Q1,Q2,Q3 BC549C 25V 100mA NPN High-gain Low-noise Transistors
Q4 BD328 30V 800mA PNP Transistor
L1 700 turns on a 10mm. diameter, 10cm. long ferrite rod.
Enameled wire diameter: 0.2mm.
The tap is made after 350 turns, i.e. at the center of the winding
BZ1 Piezo sounder (incorporating 3KHz oscillator, optional, see Notes)
RL1 5V DIL Reed-Relay SPDT or DPDT (Optional, see Notes)
B1 3V Battery (2 x 1.5V AA, AAA or AAAA Cells in series or 1 x 3V Lithium Cell)
Device purpose:
This unit can be useful as a short-range, single-channel remote-control. When the pushbutton in the
transmitter circuit is briefly activated, the LED D1 in the receiver illuminates and an optional beeper or
relay can be operated.
Circuit operation is based on a non-modulated 35KHz frequency carrier transmitter, and on a high-gain
two-stage 35KHz amplifier receiver, followed by a frequency-voltage converter and DC load driver.
Outstanding features for this design are as follows:
No outer antenna is required on both transmitter and receiver sections, due to the very low frequency
operation. The antennas are 10mm. diameter, 10cm. long ferrite rods supporting the coils.
Unlike Infra-red remote-controls, this unit operates through the walls etc.
No radio-frequency interference in spite of simple circuitry.
The receiver operates at ultra-low voltage supply (3V) and standing current (100µA): in this manner it can
be left in stand-by mode for years before a battery replacement is needed.
Snags are: the short-range operation (about a medium-sized apartment), the high number of windings for
the coils and the high current drawn by the transmitter.
Luckily, this latter snag is compensated by the fact that only a short pulse from the transmitter is needed
to operate the receiver. Therefore, if the transmitter is not operated continuously, its battery should last
long.
Notes:
Q2 in the transmitter should have a small heatsink.
A good compromise is to use a 6V supply for the transmitter (four 1.5V AA cells in series).
In this case current drawing is 300mA.
Needing a shorter range operation, Q2 in the transmitter can be omitted.
Therefore, the emitter of Q1 will be connected to the tap of L1 coil.
In this case the circuit could be powered by a 9V PP3 alkaline battery, drawing about 100mA current.
The receiver must be tuned to the transmitter frequency.
Starting with a 470pF value for C1, you should
try to modify its value by means of small capacitors wired in parallel to it,
in order to obtain the highest AC voltage output at Q2 or Q1 collector (best measured with an oscilloscope).
C1 value might vary from about 400 to 800pF.
Do this setup with transmitter placed 4-5 meters away from receiver.
During setup it is wise to temporarily
connect the transmitter to a 6 or 9V regulated power supply, in order to save batteries.
A small DIL 5V reed-relay was used in spite of the 3V supply of the receiver.
Several devices of this type
were tested and it was found that they switch-on with a coil voltage value comprised in the 1.9 - 2.1V range.
The coil resistance values varied from 140 to 250 Ohm.
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